Last January 8, 2016, in a post titled "Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand Post Flat to Declining Housing Prices, Can the Philippines and Indonesia be Not Far Behind? - 2nd Qtr 2015", we showed the remarkable run-up in housing prices in Asia, often outpacing inflation by a wide margin. One of the countries featured was Hong Kong, whose real estate prices have jumped by 234.46% in a little over ten years, outpacing inflation by a staggering 207.16% as of the second quarter of 2015.
Little did we know that property prices peaked a quarter later, in the third quarter of 2015. Since then, Hong Kong property prices have entered a correction phase, dropping by 10.12% in the two quarters since then.
When we go back to charts with historical data dating back to 1980, we find that such corrections can sometimes presage a bear market in properties. The last major bear market started in October 1997, several months after Hong Kong was handed over back to China from the U.K., lasting an arduously long 69 months or almost six years. During this phase, prices dropped a gut-wrenching 66.22% in all classes, dipping below their inflation-adjusted levels for two quarters in 2003. The bear market took place during the financial contagion that occurred during the Asian Financial Crisis.
Unsurprisingly, the last correction took place amid the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. The correction was short, lasting a mere seven months, from June 2008 to December 2008. Property prices for all classes dropped 17.22% - or almost a bear market (20% decline).
Hong Kong Property Price Indices are broken down by property class. Property classes are defined by the property's area.
- Property Class "A": Area below 40 sq. m.
- Property Class "B": Area between 40 sq. m. and 69.9 sq. m.
- Property Class "C": Area between 70 sq. m. and 99.99 sq. m.
- Property Class "D": Area between 100 sq. m. and 159.9 sq. m.
- Property Class "E": Area above 160 sq. m.
Here's an annual chart of the various Hong Kong Property Price Indices by property class:
Here's the same chart on a monthly basis:
As evidenced by the chart below, the largest price run-up and decline in the last decade have taken place in the smaller property classes - the A,B, and C Property Classes. Class A properties have risen the most, rising by a staggering 225.19%. In the three bull markets prior to that, it was the largest property class, Class E - with areas above 160 sq. m., that have risen the most. The smaller property classes lagged behind,
A similar dynamic has taken place in the recent market decline. It was the Class A properties that declined the most, followed by the bigger property classes. With the exception of the period from October 1997 to July 2003, the smaller property classes were more stable.
This is born out by the historical price volatility of each property class, as demonstrated by the chart below:
The recent large price swings for the smaller property classes have been outside recent historical norms.
As seen in the chart above, there were quite a few times when the annual change in the property price indices was more than two standard deviations beyond the mean, the most recent being in 2010 when the A Class posted an annual gain of 26.77%. Under a normal probability distribution, this does not happen 95% of the time.
These smaller properties are generally held by small retail investors who tend to purchase properties for their own use. As a result, volatility is usually lower among the smaller property classes. The large run-up and decline in these smaller property classes in recent times indicates that the buying was driven by rampant speculation rather than real consumption. And that always ends badly.
So, how low can Hong Kong property price indices go? Your guess is as good as ours. But given the spectacular price increases from December 2008 to September 2015, it wouldn't be beyond us to think that the prices could revert back to their inflation adjusted levels as they did in the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis (October 1997 to September 2003), declining by more than 60% across all property classes.
